金顶矿床是世界著名的超大型铅锌矿床,其巨量的金属堆积引起许多学者对成矿金属来源的关注。前人通过铅同位素示踪研究,提出了成矿金属来自地幔、上地壳、下地壳及不同端员混合等不同认识。理论分析表明,这些观点认识的差异可能源于不同作者分析铅同位素数据存在测试误差。基于此,笔者在金顶矿床选择了7个代表性硫化物样品,再次进行了铅同位素分析。结果显示,矿床铅同位素组成为^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb=18.3945~18.4429、^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb=15.6412~15.6583、^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb=38.6266~38.6772,在铅同位素演化模式图解(Zartman et al.,1979)中数据点分布集中,处于"造山带"和"上地壳"演化曲线之间,未显示出明显的线性分布特点,表明金顶矿床成矿金属来源主要为壳源;区域对比表明,金顶矿床明显比白秧坪矿带铅锌矿床贫放射性成因铅,而与区域VMS型矿床铅同位素组成更为接近,这表明金顶矿床与白秧坪矿带矿床有着不同的金属物源区,其金属可能来自盆地底部晚三叠世火山岩或其内早期的VMS矿化。
The Duocaima carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposit is a newly found large deposit in the southern area of Qinghai Province.In this paper, the characteristics, genesis, significance to Pb-Zn mineralization of the widely developed breccias, and the ore-forming process have been carefully studied based on geological documentation of drilling holes, microscopic observations of petrography and microstructure and some stable isotope measurements.Based on the compositions of the clast and matrix, the breccias can be classified into three types： limestone clasts cemented by marl; limestone clasts with fine-grained calcareous materials; and limestone clasts cemented by hydrothermal calcite.The mineralization in the first type of breccia is weak, whereas it is strong in the latter two types of breccias.According to the locations of occurrence and structural characteristics of the breccias along with the relationship between the breccias and mineralization, part of the limestone clasts that are cemented by marl and outcrop in the contact zone between the Wudaoliang Formation（Nw） and the underlying Jiushidaoban Formation（Pj） are attributed to synsedimentary fault-genetic breccia, whereas the last of the limestone clasts that are cemented by marl and developed in the Jiushidaoban Formation（Pj） are attributed to the breccia generated by karst cave collapse; the limestone clasts with fine-grained calcareous materials and the limestone clasts cemented by hydrothermal calcite are attributed to breccia formed by hydrothermal dissolution.The breccia formed by karst collapse had consistently evolved for a long period of time, while the breccias with other origins were formed around the period of mineralization（i.e., about or slightly later than 20–16 Ma）.The breccia generated by karst cave collapse and hydrothermal dissolution are somewhat related; the formation of the breccia from karst cave collapse provided open space for the later mineralization and reaction between hydrothermal fluids and host rocks, and the subseq
