背景:颞下颌关节骨关节炎是一种发病率很高的口腔常见病,而颞下颌关节骨关节炎早期隐匿不易被发现,临床上病理标本获取难度较高,难以开展相关研究。将数字化3D打印技术应用到颞下颌关节骨关节炎动物模型上来增加动物模型的一致性,从而促进颞下颌关节骨关节炎疾病的研究。目的:利用新型数字技术建立标准化的颞下颌关节骨关节炎大鼠模型。方法:将30只SD雌性大鼠根据单侧前牙反牙合建模方法的不同,随机分为3组,传统模型组、数字化模型组和对照组,每组10只。于建模后4,8周采集髁突软骨标本,体式显微镜观察表观形态,苏木精-伊红染色、番红O/固绿染色观察病理形态,ELISA观察白细胞介素1β、肿瘤坏死因子α的表达变化,免疫组织化学染色观察蛋白多糖、Ⅱ型胶原及基质金属蛋白酶13的表达变化。结果与结论:(1)数字化模型组和传统模型组观察到不同程度的退行性病变。干预后第1周,模型组大鼠体质量均呈下降趋势,随后呈增长趋势,且显著低于对照组。(2)体式显微镜观察结果显示,建模后4,8周,数字化模型组表面的变形及缺损程度明显高于传统模型组。(3)两个时间点,数字化模型组和传统模型组的国际骨关节炎研究学会(Osteoarthritis Research Society International,OARSI)评分均高于对照组,数字化模型组高于传统模型组(P<0.05)。(4)组织病理学观察显示,建模后4,8周,两个模型组的改良Mankin评分和OARSI评分均显著高于同龄对照组(P<0.05)。(5)免疫组织化学染色结果显示,建模后4,8周,与同龄对照组相比,蛋白多糖及Ⅱ型胶原在传统模型组与数字化模型组两个时间点表达降低,基质金属蛋白酶13表达增强(P<0.05)。(6)ELISA结果显示,传统和数字化模型组大鼠8周时炎性因子白细胞介素1β和肿瘤坏死因子α的表达水平均高于同龄对照组,数字化模型组高于传统模型组(P<0.05)。(7)
Carbon-based nanomaterials have important research significance in various disciplines,such as composite materials,nanoelectronic devices,biosensors,biological imaging,and drug delivery.Recently,the human and ecological risks associated with carbon-based nanomaterials have received increasing attention.However,the biological safety of carbon based nanomaterials has not been systematically studied.In this study,we used different types of carbon materials,namely,graphene oxide(GO),single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs),and multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs),as models to observe their distribution and oxidative damage in vivo.The results of Histopathological and ultrastructural examinations indicated that the liver and lungs were the main accumulation targets of these nanomaterials.SR-μ-XRF analysis revealed that SWCNTs and MWCNTs might be present in the brain.This shows that the three types of carbon-based nanomaterials could cross the gas-blood barrier and eventually reach the liver tissue.In addition,SWCNTs and MWCNTs could cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the cerebral cortex.The increase in ROS and MDA levels and the decrease in GSH,SOD,and CAT levels indicated that the three types of nanomaterials might cause oxidative stress in the liver.This suggests that direct instillation of these carbon-based nanomaterials into rats could induce ROS generation.In addition,iron(Fe)contaminants in these nanomaterials were a definite source of free radicals.However,these nanomaterials did not cause obvious damage to the rat brain tissue.The deposition of selenoprotein in the rat brain was found to be related to oxidative stress and Fe deficiency.This information may support the development of secure and reasonable applications of the studied carbon-based nanomaterials.
Background:Pulmonary arterial hypertension presents with obliterative remodeling of the pulmonary arteries and progressive elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance,which increase the risk of right ventricular failure and death.It has been reported in previous studies that rutaecarpine plays a crucial role in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities,which may help regulate cell apoptosis and cell proliferation.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of rutaecarpine in the rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.Methods:We induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in adult Sprague-Dawley rats by injecting monocrotaline(60 mg/kg)and then treated with rutaecarpine(40 mg/kg·d)or sildenafil(30 mg/kg·d)(positive control).Subsequently,pulmonary function,inflammation,cytokines and pulmonary vascular remodeling or proliferation were assessed.Results:Rutaecarpine was found to improve monocrotaline-induced mean pulmonary artery pressure,cardiac index,right heart index,right ventricular hypertrophy index,pulmonary artery remodeling and pulmonary function.reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated a decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β,whereas western blots a significantly decrease in the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B,endothelin-1,extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2,B cell lymphoma-2,Beclin1 and microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3-II protein,and increase in the expression of Bax,caspase-3 and p62 protein.Conclusion:Rutaecarpine attenuated pulmonary arterial hypertension by inhibiting inflammation,oxidative stress,cell proliferation and autophagy,while promoting apoptosis.
