本研究旨在了解成都市成年居民主要选择的膳食模式,探讨各类膳食模式的影响因素,为居民改善膳食行为提供科学依据。通过多阶段抽样方法抽取成都市成年居民并进行实地访问,共收集2244份有效问卷。运用因子分析法提取膳食模式,利用多因素Logistic回归模型分析各膳食模式的影响因素。结果显示成都市成年居民膳食模式主要有5种:钙类模式(19.12%)、健康模式(23.00%)、肉类模式(23.75%)、粮谷模式(18.36%)、酒水模式(15.78%)。不同膳食模式影响因素各异,主要表现在女性和受教育程度较高者倾向钙类模式,年龄较大者、女性、参加体育锻炼者主要选择健康模式,劳动强度为中或重者偏好肉类模式,年龄较大、大学及以上受教育程度者显著倾向粮谷模式,吸烟与饮酒人群偏好酒水模式。建议国家与政府进一步完善营养干预体系,社区积极开展膳食模式专题讲座,居民可根据当前偏好的膳食模式针对性地优化饮食结构。The aim of this study is to understand the main dietary patterns chosen by adult residents in Chengdu City, to explore the influencing factors of each type of dietary pattern, and to provide a scientific basis for residents to improve their dietary behaviors. A total of 2244 valid questionnaires were collected from adult residents of Chengdu City through multi-stage sampling method and field interviews. The dietary patterns were extracted using factor analysis, and the influencing factors of each dietary pattern were analyzed using multifactor logistic regression model. The results showed that there were five main dietary patterns among adult residents of Chengdu city: calcium pattern (19.12%), healthy pattern (23.00%), meat pattern (23.75%), grain pattern (18.36%), and alcohol pattern (15.78%). The influencing factors of different dietary patterns varied, mainly showing that women and people with higher education level preferred the calcium pattern, older people, women
高血压是心血管疾病重要的危险因素,对于高血压的防治主要以药物控制和生活方式干预为主。重新建立良好生活方式可使药物治疗更好发挥疗效,利于患者血压的控制使其维持在正常范围。生活方式干预中,饮食控制至关重要。其中,DASH饮食可用于高血压的饮食护理,降低血压作用显著。在中国饮食文化中,生活在不同地区的人们也有着不同的饮食习惯,不同的菜系具有浓郁的当地特色。基于此情况,“一刀切”可能不起作用,因此必须开发一种结合主要中国菜特色的中式心脏健康(CHH)饮食来有效降低中国高血压成年人的血压,适用于中国的烹饪文化。辣膳食模式也是由我国提出的饮食方式,辣椒素是主要营养物质。为探讨这三种模式在高血压饮食护理中的作用,现将具体内容展开如下综述。Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the prevention and treatment of hypertension is mainly based on drug control and lifestyle intervention. Re-establishing a healthy lifestyle can make drug therapy more effective and help control the patient’s blood pressure to maintain the normal range. Dietary control is essential among lifestyle interventions. Thereinto the DASH diet can be used for the dietary care of hypertension and has a significant effect on lowering blood pressure. In addition, in the same Chinese food culture, people living in different regions also consume food in different ways, and different cuisines have strong local characteristics. Based on this, a “one-size-fits-all” diet may not work, so it is necessary to develop a Chinese-style heart health (CHH) diet that combines the characteristics of major Chinese cuisine and is clinically effective in lowering blood pressure in Chinese hypertensive adults, applicable to major Chinese culinary cultures. The spicy meal pattern is also a dietary pattern proposed by our country, and capsaicin is the main nutrient. In order to e
